OZYMANDIAS
of coal mines and ghost cities
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Coal mining area north of Dongsheng. A sixth of China´s coal reserves are supposed to be in the Ordos region. The huge amount of resources and wealth was the trigger for planning and constructing a complete new city located in the gobi desert, capable of inhabiting one million people© Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Coal deposit near Dongsheng © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A truck driver of a coal truck next to a coal mine © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Coal mining area north of Dongsheng. The huge amount of resources and wealth was the trigger for planning and constructing a complete new city located in the gobi desert, capable of inhabiting one million people © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / coal excavator © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A welder is repairing a coal excavator © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / coal field and open cast minining near Ordos. The huge amount of resources and wealth was the trigger for planning and constructing a complete new city located in the gobi desert, capable of inhabiting one million people © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / coal field and open cast minining near Ordos. The huge amount of resources and wealth was the trigger for planning and constructing a complete new city located in the gobi desert, capable of inhabiting one million people © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A coal-truck driver © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / empty oil cartridges © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A stairway winding out of a coal heap © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / 2 coal miners in a coal mine near Dongsheng © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A coal mine near Dongsheng © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A tire at the wall at the home of the coal workers near the coal mine © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A coal miner at his home next to the coal mine. Living condition of this people is very bad, they live inside the dirty mining area in corrugated iron huts and have low paid jobs. It is also known that life expectancy is 5 years lower because of small coal particles responsible for cancer © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Backside of a home of a coal worker © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / An old engine near a coal worker´s house © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A coal miner at his home next to the coal mine. Living condition of this people is very bad, they live inside the dirty mining area in corrugated iron huts and have low paid jobs. It is also known that life expectancy is 5 years lower because of small coal particles responsible for cancer © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / An old engine near a coal worker´s house covered with flowers © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Coal miner at a coal mine near Dongsheng. Living condition of this people is very bad, they live inside the dirty mining area in corrugated iron huts and have low paid jobs. It is also known that life expectancy is 5 years lower because of small coal particles responsible for cancer © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Coal miner at a coal mine near Dongsheng. Living condition of this people is very bad, they live inside the dirty mining area in corrugated iron huts and have low paid jobs. It is also known that life expectancy is 5 years lower because of small coal particles responsible for cancer © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Coal miner at a coal mine near Dongsheng. Living condition of this people is very bad, they live inside the dirty mining area in corrugated iron huts and have low paid jobs. It is also known that life expectancy is 5 years lower because of small coal particles responsible for cancer © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Crane inside the coal deposit © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A conveyor belt inside a coal deposit © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A coal miner inside the factory. Living condition of this people is very bad, they live inside the dirty mining area in corrugated iron huts and have low paid jobs. It is also known that life expectancy is 5 years lower because of small coal particles responsible for cancer © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Hall inside the coal mine for washing the coal © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Worker inside thwe coal factory. They are washing the coal and control the quality. Living condition of this people is very bad, they live inside the dirty mining area in corrugated iron huts and have low paid jobs. It is also known that life expectancy is 5 years lower because of small coal particles responsible for cancer © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Crane inside the coal deposit © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty Ferris Wheel in the Kangbashi New Area. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty street in the center of Kangbashi new Area. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Folkloristic Sculptures in a park in the Kangbashi New Area. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Folkloristic Sculptures in a park in the Kangbashi New Area. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculptures at the city centre. The whole area is filled with hundreds of artificial horses. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty restaurant at the harbour. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty street near the artificial lake in Kangbashi New Area. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Residencial Blocks next to the artificial lake in the centre of Kangbashi. The flats are sold but almost nobody lives there. People bought it mainly to invest money. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Residencial Blocks next to a flower field in the centre of Kangbashi. There are huge fields of flowers along every road in the city center and also at the huge public places around the city. They are irrigated by an automatic irrigation system. It takes huge effort because Kangbashi is in the middle of the gobi desert. The flats are sold but almost nobody lives there. People bought it mainly to invest money. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty streets and empty residential blocks in Kangbashi New Area. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty amusement park. The city was built for one million people but in 2018 about 80.000 residents actually live there or they commute to the new district and live in the old part of Ordos. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty amusement park. The city was built for one million people but in 2018 about 80.000 residents actually live there or they commute to the new district and live in the old part of Ordos. The city is almost uninhabited and the goverment is trying hard to fill it by resettling farmers from the villages around the city. The effort was only sucessful on a small scale. Most of the people commute to work but do not live there. Some jobs in tourism industry and goverment offices were sucessfully created but it is far too less for being a functional city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty amusement park. The city was built for one million people but in 2018 about 80.000 residents actually live there or they commute to the new district and live in the old part of Ordos. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty amusement park. The city was built for one million people but in 2018 about 80.000 residents actually live there or they commute to the new district and live in the old part of Ordos. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Tennis court next to the stadion © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the Ordos Sports Center. At the time of visit it was totally empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the Ordos Sports Center. At the time of visit it was totally empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Wedding hall in a hotel in the city center © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A display doll for wedding dresses in a hotel in the city center © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty shelfes inside the shopping mall on the main street. There are hardly any customers © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A european looking display doll without hands inside the shopping mall on the main street. There are hardly any customers © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A billboard inside the shopping mall on the main street. There are hardly any customers © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A shopping venture inside the shopping mall on the main street. There are hardly any customers © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / An abandoned theatre which was never finished in a building of a coal company. After the coal prices dropped many real estate devlopers went bankrupt and the real estate bubble burst. The City is now facing a vacancy rate around 80%. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Chinese lantern inside the basement of a skyscraper. The buildings of the main skyline are almost empty inside. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Workers barracks on an abandoned building site. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A worker is building a street lantern. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A dwelling of resettled farmers. The government is forcing farmers to live in special settlements because their land was taken from the coal mining company. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A dwelling of resettled farmers. The government is forcing farmers to live in special settlements because their land was taken from the coal mining company. This woman lives together with her husband and her child in an 25m2 apartment. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Closed Store and heap of chairs in the coal mining area of Dongsheng. Many stores are closed, the coal industry is declining. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Smashed trucks near the coal mining area of Dongsheng © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Two farmers and their goat at the outskirts of Kangbashi. The Text of the woman´s T Shirt says in german : " Ich komm zum Giuck aus Oanabruck ", which is misspelled and should probably mean "Ich komm zum Glück, aus Osnabrück". Some farmers decided to leave their village and move to the new district. Many of them are refusing because life is too expensive in the new district. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A farmer full of blood from animals with a logo from the Ordos Bank on his shirt. Some farmers decided to leave their village and move to the new district. Many of them are refusing because life is too expensive in the new district. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty construction shells at the new town district. Many real estate developers went bankrupt because the morgages could not be paid back since the coal prize was going down and the real estate bubble bursted. Moreover there was a lot of money from illegal banks on the markets, so the local government was not able to control the situation at all. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A worker with an iron stick on an abandoned bilding site © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay. Some buildings are illegally inhibited by migrant workers © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay. Some buildings are illegally inhibited by migrant workers © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Chopped trees in a construction shell © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Unfinished shopping mall in the center of Kangbashi © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the skyline of Kangbashi New Area. The buildings are empty and construction stopped. Some of the already decay and are full of water pits © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the skyline of Kangbashi New Area. The buildings are empty and construction stopped. Here someone erected an informal tennis court. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the skyline of Kangbashi New Area. The buildings are empty and construction stopped. The colors are because of the LED-Light Show displayed on the outer shell of the buildings © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the skyline of Kangbashi New Area. The buildings are empty and construction stopped. The colors are because of the LED-Light Show displayed on the outer shell of the buildings © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the skyline of Kangbashi New Area. The buildings are empty and construction stopped. Some of the already decay and are full of water pits © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Inside the skyline of Kangbashi New Area. This was supposed to become the main entance hall of the skyscraper complex above. The buildings are empty and construction stopped. Some of the already decay and are full of water pits © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / The planned main entrance to the skyline complex is locked by wood panels. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ruins of the Ordos 100 Project. A group of internationally well known architects as well as Ai Weiwei planned a city within the city, each building designed in a very extensive layout. Only 8 buildings have been erected but got stuck in the middle of construction. Only shells are left in the desert and slowly decay © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty construction shells at the new town district. Many real estate developers went bankrupt because the morgages could not be paid back since the coal prize was going down and the real estate bubble bursted. Moreover there was a lot of money from illegal banks on the markets, so the local government was not able to control the situation at all. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty construction shells at the new town district. Many real estate developers went bankrupt because the morgages could not be paid back since the coal prize was going down and the real estate bubble bursted. Moreover there was a lot of money from illegal banks on the markets, so the local government was not able to control the situation at all. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Empty construction shells at the new town district. Many real estate developers went bankrupt because the morgages could not be paid back since the coal prize was going down and the real estate bubble bursted. Moreover there was a lot of money from illegal banks on the markets, so tje local government was not able to control the situation at all. On the billboards you can see the planned project, designed like american style luxury apartments. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Flower arrengements inside the Ordos-Wedding culture Park. It is a Theme park with many statues and objects related to "wedding" in a very broad sense. At the time of visiting there have been hardly any customers, the big and extremely extensive area was almost empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Funny monument inside the Ordos-Wedding culture Park. It is a Theme park with many statues and objects related to "wedding" in a very broad sense. At the time of visiting there have been hardly any customers, the big and extremely extensive area was almost empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Flowers lit by Led Lights. There are huge fields of flowers along every road in the city center and also at the huge public places around the city. They are irrigated by an automatic irrigation system. It takes huge effort because Kangbashi is in the middle of the gobi desert © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculptures of swans inside the Ordos-Wedding culture Park. It is a Theme park with many statues and objects related to "wedding" in a very broad sense. At the time of visiting there have been hardly any customers, the big and extremely extensive area was almost empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Transformer statue inside the Ordos-Wedding culture Park. It is a Theme park with many statues and objects related to "wedding" in a very broad sense. At the time of visiting there have been hardly any customers, the big and extremely extensive area was almost empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculpture with flowers inside the Ordos-Wedding culture Park. It is a Theme park with many statues and objects related to "wedding" in a very broad sense. At the time of visiting there have been hardly any customers, the big and extremely extensive area was almost empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Two 20m high horse-sculptures at the center of Kangbashi New Town. In the back there is the town hall building © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculpture of a woman´s handbag inside the Ordos-Wedding culture Park. It is a Theme park with many statues and objects related to "wedding" in a very broad sense. At the time of visiting there have been hardly any customers, the big and extremely extensive area was almost empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / The exhibition center of Kangbashi new area © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Another oversized arrangement of horse scuplures, probably symbolizing Ghengis Khan and his army. It was built on a small hill in the city in a complete abandoned area © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Monument at the riverbank. Along a more than 2 km long area you can find a vast array of fake mountains and egyptian style monuments next to the river © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Monument at the riverbank. Along a more than 2 km long area you can find a vast array of fake mountains and egyptian style monuments next to the river © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / An abandoned boat at the riverbank © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculptures of deer. Fake mountains and fake-animals are all over the city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Monument at the riverbank. Along a more than 2 km long area you can find a vast array of fake mountains and egyptian style monuments next to the river © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / An empty parking lot © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A monument in the city center © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Ordos Sports Center south of the city. In the district of Kangbashi there is some very expensive outstanding architecture built by famous architects © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / An empty screen in a park © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Fake mountains and an abandoned railway track. Kangbashi new district is more an empty theme park than a functioning city © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculpture of a deer in a park in the city center. Fake-animals are all over Kangbashi district © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculpture of a wolf in a park around the city center. Fake-animals are all over Kangbashi district © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / The museum, which houses collections relating to the local history of Ordos and the surrounding area, was designed by Chinese design company MAD at the request of the local government and built by Huhehaote Construction. It is a large, open-plan space of around 41,000 square feet; the design was influenced by both the Gobi desert and the work of Buckminster Fuller. The museum has six levels of exhibition space © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / The entry of a shut down hotel. Many real estate developers went bankrupt because the morgages could not be paid back since the coal prize was going down and the real estate bubble bursted. Moreover there was a lot of money from illegal banks on the markets, so the local government was not able to control the situation at all. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculpture of a golden calf in a park in the city center. Fake-animals are all over Kangbashi district © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / The skyline of Kangbashi is lid by an immense LED-Lightshow every sunset. Its a tourist attraction but the buildings itself are potemkin villages and except one structure which is rented by the government, they are totally empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A forest lid by neon light. At evening every corner of the artificial city is led by different sorts of colored lights © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A bridge lid by neon light and shrubbery along the river © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculptures of praying man. There are more than 1000 sculptures all over the district. Lots of them are about rural life and fairy tales of the mongolian steppe © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / The skyline of Kangbashi is lid by an immense LED-Lightshow every sunset. Its a tourist attraction but the buildings itself are potemkin villages and except one structure which is rented by the government, they are totally empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / A plastic mushroom in a small forest lid by sourrounding LED Lights © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Most of the residencial areas are almost empty or totally empty. People invested in real estate but hardly live there because there are very few jobs in the new district. For that reason also the house prices dropped and many people lost a lot of money at the time the bubble burst © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Most of the residencial areas are almost empty or totally empty. People invested in real estate but hardly live there because there are very few jobs in the new district. For that reason also the house prices dropped and many people lost a lot of money at the time the bubble burst © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Street and trees led by LED Lights © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Horse-sculpture next to a never opened hotel complex. The building is compeltely empty but shining in bright light until midnight © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Street light at evening on an empty street © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Traffic lights after midnight. At 00:00 all lights in the city are shut of and the area is getting completely dark and empty © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Sculpture of a penguin in a park in the city center. Fake-animals are all over Kangbashi district © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Chinese Flag next to the town hall © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
CHINA / Inner Mongolia / Ordos / Huge monuments next to a goverment building. They already decay. © Markus Sepperer / Anzenberger
Ozymandias*
China hat von 2011 bis 2013 mehr Beton verbraucht als Amerika im 20. Jahrhundert. Grund dafür ist die zentrale Urbanisierungsstrategie, wonach 2030 eine Milliarde Menschen in Städten leben sollen. Städtebau ist der wichtigste Motor der chinesischen Wirtschaft. Durch Landverkauf an Immobilienfirmen erzielen viele Kommunen enorme Wachstumsraten. Darüber hinaus bedeuten neue Stadtentwicklungsprojekte oft Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten für lokale Regierungsbeamte, mittlerweile aber sitzen die chinesischen Provinzregierungen auf einem enormen Schuldenberg von geschätzten 3,5 Billionen US-Dollar.
Meine Arbeit „Ozymandias“ entstand in Ordos, einer Wüstenstadt im Norden Chinas. In Ordos liegen 199 Milliarden Tonnen Kohle, ein Sechstel von Chinas Reserven. Die örtliche Erschließungsbranche war daran interessiert das Kapital aus den enormen Rohstoffgewinnen in der Region zu binden, worauf man beschlossen hat, eine Neustadt für eine Million Menschen zu bauen. Es entstand Ordos – Kangbashi, eine zentralistisch geplante Neustadt inmitten der Bergbaugebiete der Wüste Gobi. Im Stil sowjetischer Planung findet man überlebensgroße Statuen, ausladende Plätze und futuristische Prachtbauten. Im Gegensatz zum Utilitarismus der generischen Städte Chinas erträumte man sich hier einen Themenpark mit Luxusvillen und futuristischen Repräsentationsbauten. Befeuert durch den Boom der lokalen Rohstoffindustrie, angeheizt durch blindes Vertrauen in Wirtschaftswachstum und gekoppelt mit der Arroganz des menschlichen Willens, explodierte im Schatten der Überheblichkeit lokaler Eliten zuerst der Reichtum und danach die Immobilienblase. Am Ende verfiel der Kohlepreis mit dem Niedergang der Schwerindustrie und einer neu verordneten Klimastrategie. Zur Zeit ist die Stadt nur zu 20% bewohnt und gilt als Chinas berühmteste „Ghost Town“.
Unfertige Hochzeitspaläste verwaisen neben Investitionsruinen berühmter Architekten im Wüstensand. Der Traum französischer Villen zerplatzt in überwachsenen Rohbauten und bereits errichtete Wohnburgen stehen menschenleer in der Steppe. Neu errichtete Skylines erstrahlen in grellem Neonlicht, doch sie sind potemkinsche Dörfer und Ursache einer exzessiven Spekulationswirtschaft. Es entstand ein architektonischer Exzess, eine urbane Landschaft, welche durch den Kapitalismus zum Sterben verurteilt ist. Skulpturen des öffentlichen Raumes werden zu Protagonisten eines surrealen Urbanisierungsgartens, bevölkert von gigantischen Teekannen, goldenen Kälbern, mystischen Elefanten und megalomanischen Reiterskulpturen. Apokalyptisch stehen sie als Wächter am Ende der Geschichte von Größenwahn und Ressourcenverschwendung.
„Ozymandias“ ist sowohl dokumentarisch als auch surreal. Ich spanne den Bogen von der rauen Welt der Kohlegewinnung in einen fiktionalen Traum, in dem sämtliche Blasen in melancholischen Farben zerbrechen.
Markus Sepperer, Wien 30.11.2018
*Nach dem Gedicht von Percy Bysshe Shelley über die Vergänglichkeit irdischer Werke.
Ozymandias*
From 2011 until 2013 China consumed more concrete than America in the 20st century. The reason for that is the country´s urbanization strategy which aims to force one billion of it´s population to live in cities until 2030. Urban Design is the most important engine of China´s economy. By selling rural areas to real estate developers, communities make a huge profit. Moreover building new cities means big career opportunities for local authorities but nowadays the local communities are highly in dept. The estimated amount is around 3,5 trillion Us-Dollar. My work „Ozymandias“ originated from Ordos, a desert town of Inner Mongolia, Chinas northern province next to Mongolia. In Ordos there is an estimated amount of 199 billion tons of coal, one sixth of China´s reserves. The local development industry tried to bind the profit of selling the raw material in the region, so they decided to erect a completely new city, planned to give shelter to a million of people. Ordos-Kangbashi, a centrally planned new town district in the middle of the Gobi desert was created. In the style of sowjet design there are larger-than-life sculptures, vast squares and magnificent futuristic architecture. Starting from the boom of the raw material industry and accompanied by the arrogance of the human will there was first an explosion of wealth which was soon followed by declining coal prices and an huge burst of the real estate bubble. Additionally the new climate strategy let coal prices drop again and a lot of loans could not be paid back any more which led to bankruptcy of most of the real estate developers. Nowadays the town is only occupied by 20% and is labeled as China´s most famous „Ghost Town“.
At present half erected wedding-palaces, investment ruins of famous architects, empty concrete shells which meant to become French style villas and unfinished residential blocks silt in the Mongolian steppe. Fully erected skylines shine in bright LED-lights but they are Potemkin villages. The whole town is an architectural excess, an urban landscape condemned to death by capitalism. The sculptures of the public space around the city become protagonists of a surreal urbanization garden, populated by gigantic teapots, golden calves, mystical elephants and megalomaniac equestrian sculptures. Apocalyptic, they stand guard at the end of the story of megalomania and waste of resources.
"Ozymandias" is both documentary and surreal. I cover the harsh world of coal mining and lead it into a fictional dream in which all the bubbles break in melancholy colors.
Markus Sepperer, Vienna 30.11.2018
* After the poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley on the transience of earthly works.